US Border Patrol arrested more than , migrants from those four countries in the fiscal year The additional 20, visas are a slight drop from the 22, made available for the second half of the fiscal year. The Biden administration earlier this month struck an agreement with the Mexican government to reinstate a controversial Trump-era policy that forced asylum seekers to wait in Mexico for their US court hearings.
Once it is again fully operational, the programme will see people returned to Mexico via seven border crossings in the US states of California, Arizona and Texas. January 25, They don't want to go back to Turkey.
There are more than 4. These second-generation migrants frequently have no real ties with their parents' country of origin. Their home life remains closely attached to their parents' traditional values, but their school life may be Swiss -- or German, or French, or whatever. The northern industrial nations of Western Europe called in an army of millions of migrants from Turkey, Yugoslavia, Italy, Algeria, Spain, and Portugal during the labor-starved boom years of the s.
Often less educated as well as from foreign cultures, the migrants sometimes faced hard lives. They usually did the dirty, poor-paying or monotonous jobs -- kitchen work, garbage collecting, construction work, boring assembly-line jobs.
They suffered discrimination and neglect. But they were better off financially than they had been in their native lands. Today, says W. For one thing, most are now living in their own housing. Some of that may be in decaying inner cities or special public housing, but it is an improvement over the barracks and shantytowns. The last French Bidonville in Nanterre was bulldozed last year.
But, he went on, new problems have risen. Sometimes the migrants are isolated in ghettos, lacking communication with local citizens. Migrant children, though more at home with the local language, still face discimination because of the inferior jobs and social status of their parents. Only a small number, notes the ILO, are able to meet the requirements to participate in vocational training and apprenticeship programs. Thus many find themselves pushed toward the same sort of unskilled and dead-end jobs as their parents.
Moreover, because of the high level of unemployment in Western Europe, migrants sometimes face increasing antagonism. Britain was shocked by riots in Liverpool. In France, there were antimigrant demonstrations in the suburbs of Lyon in Marseilles saw a series of random killings of Algerians in B"ohning criticizes Mr.
Get out! The expenses for traveling to Germany were included, but the return trip was not always covered by employers. There had previously been recruitment treaties between Germany and Italy in as well as with Spain in Germany needed additional labor for its factories and mines to help fuel the economic miracle driven by the rapid expansion of production after World War II. According to the recruitment treaty, Germany was able - with the support of the Turkish government - to set up a liaison office in Istanbul.
The office functioned as a foreign bureau for the German Ministry of Labour through which German companies could fill their demand for workers. Turkish authorities initially screened the applications, pre-selected the candidates and then organized interviews in the German liaison office.
For Turkey, the export of large numbers of male Turkish workers to Germany had several advantages. First, the men were well paid in Germany and sent remittances home to their families in Turkey. Second, they obtained further training in Germany and were supposed to bring that knowledge back to Turkey when they returned.
The employment of Turkish workers was meant to be for a limited time just like with the Greeks, Italians and Spaniards that had previously come to Germany as guest workers.
After two years, the Turkish workers were expected to return home, and then a new group of workers was supposed to be recruited. The goal was to prevent the Turkish guests from becoming immigrants. Originally, the workers were not allowed to bring their families with them. In , the recruitment treaty was changed to allow the Turkish workers to stay for longer than two years. It was too expensive and time-consuming to constantly hire and train replacements.
Later, the workers were even allowed to bring their families with them. An economic recession triggered by the global oil crisis in the early s followed Germany's economic miracle, and in the recruitment of foreign workers came to a stop altogether. Between and , around 2.
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